Mineral surfaces are the outermost layers of minerals that interact with their surrounding environments. These surfaces play a critical role in many geological processes, such as mineral growth, chemical weathering, and the transport and adsorption of contaminants. Understanding the properties and behavior of mineral surfaces is essential for a wide range of scientific disciplines, including geology, environmental science, materials science, and geochemistry. Researchers studying mineral surfaces often explore topics such as surface reactivity, mineral-water interactions, surface structure, and the adsorption of ions and molecules onto mineral surfaces. By examining these aspects, scientists can better understand how minerals influence the movement and transformation of elements in the Earth's crust, as well as their impact on environmental processes and human health. Overall, research on mineral surfaces offers valuable insights into the fundamental processes that govern the behavior of minerals in the Earth's systems, with implications for fields ranging from mineral exploration to environmental remediation.